Table 5: Predictors of Poor Outcome in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Table 5:
Predictors of Poor Outcome in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Test	Features
Clinical	Increased age, male gender, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, syncope, right heart failure symptoms, symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias, persistent gallop rhythm, persistent jugular venous distention, systemic hypotension, peripheral vascular disease
Laboratory	Hyponatremia, persistently elevated B-type natriuretic peptide and A-type natriuretic peptide levels, elevated norepinephrine and renin levels
Electrocardiogram	Left bundle branch block, first- and second-degree atrioventricular block
Echocardiogram	Increased ventricular dimensions, reduced ejection fraction, restrictive diastolic filling pattern, severe mitral and/or tricuspid regurgitation
Chest radiograph	Increased cardiothoracic ratio
Coronary angiography	Multivessel obstructive disease
Hemodynamic data	Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >20 mm Hg, cardiac index <2.5 L/min/m², pulmonary hypertension, elevated central venous pressure
Cardiopulmonary exercise test	Maximal systemic oxygen uptake <12 mL/kg/min
Endomyocardial biopsy	Loss of intracellular myofilaments