Table 3: Laboratory tests for secondary causes of osteoporosis

Table 3:
Selected Laboratory Tests for Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis
Cause	Appropriate Tests
Hyperparathyroidism	Intact PTH Serum Calcium
Hyperthyroidism	TSH T4 and FT1 T3
Hypogonadism	Testosterone in men Estradiol in females LH and FSH
Osteomalacia	25-hydroxyvitamin D
Cushing's syndrome	24-hour free urinary cortisol Dexamethasone suppression test
Renal disease	Serum creatinine Glomerular filtration
Liver disease	Liver function test
Malabsorption	24-hour urinary calcium excretion Serum albumin level Serum calcium Serum carotene
Multiple myeloma	Serum protein electrophoresis Urine for Bence-Jones proteinuria Serum calcium Intact PTH Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Hemochromatosis	Serum iron panel
Hyperprolactinemia	Serum prolactin
Acromegaly	Serum IGF-1
Renal tubulopathy	Urinalysis including pH Acid-base studies Urine calcium, phosphorus, amino acid, and glucose
Mastocytosis	Serum tryptase Urine N-methylhistamine Iliac bone biopsy with double tetracycline labeling