Table 1:
Functional and Structural Abnormalities of the Genitourinary Tract
Functional Abnormalities
Obstruction
Foreign
Bodies
Other
  • Vesicoureteral reflux
  • Neutrogenic bladder
  • Congenital abnormalities
  • Renal cysts
  • Pelviureteric obstruction
  • Ureteric and urethral strictures
  • Urolithiasis
  • Bladder diverticuli
  • Tumors
  • Nephrostomy tubes
  • Ureteric stents
  • Indwelling catheters
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Renal failure
  • Urinary diversions
  • Urinary instrumentation
  
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