• Nephrosclerosis*
• Tubulointerstitial disease*
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Orthostatic proteinuria
• More benign forms of glomerular disease (eg, IgA nephritis)*

• Minimal change disease
• Membranous glomerulonephritis*
• Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis*
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Secondary nephrotic syndrome: glomerular disease associated
with specific causes

• Systemic disease
  • Diabetic nephropathy*
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Amyloidosis
  • Vasculitic-immunologic diseases (Wegener's, Goodpasture's, Polyarteritis)
• Infectious disease
  • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • Hepatitis B and C*
  • Bacterial endocarditis
  • HIV*
• Malignancies
  • Lymphoproliferative disorders, Hodgkin's (minimal change)
  • Solid tumors (membranous)
• Medications:
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs*
  • Gold, mercury, heavy metals
  • Penicillamine
  • Lithium
  • "Street" heroin
• Hereditary and metabolic disorders
  • Alport's syndrome
  • Fabry's disease
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Nail-patella syndrome
• Others
  • Accelerated hypertensive nephrosclerosis
  • Massive obesity
  • Transplant rejection nephropathy