Table 2: Relevant Vasoactive Mediators Released by Mast Cells and Basophils in Anaphylaxis

Table 2:
Relevant Vasoactive Mediators Released by Mast Cells and Basophils in Anaphylaxis
Mediator	Action
Histamine	Vasodilation, bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction, mucus hypersecretion
Arachidonic acid metabolites, including: Cysteinyl leukotrienes Prostaglandins Platelet-activating factor	Bronchoconstriction, coronary vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, mucus hypersecretion, platelet adherence and aggregation, eosinophil activation and recruitment
Proteases, including: Tryptase Chymase	Cleavage of complement proteins and neuropeptides, inflammatory-cell chemoattractant, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, activation of protease-activated receptor-2
Proteoglycans, including: Heparin Chondroitin sulfate	Anticoagulation, complement inhibition, eosinophil chemoattractant, kinin activation
Cytokines, including: IL-3, -4, -5, -6, -10, and -13; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; tumor necrosis factor-α	Eosinophil chemotaxis and activation; inflammatory cell activation and recruitment, induction of IgE-receptor expression, induction of apoptosis
Chemokines, including: IL-8, MIP-1α	Neutrophil chemotaxis, inflammatory cell recruitment, activation of NADPH oxidase
Nitric oxide	Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability