Nonmodifiable Risk Factors |
Modifiable Risk Factors |
Race/Sex
(White/Asian women)
|
Low
weight/height ratio High alcohol intake Low calcium intake High caffeine intake Sedentary lifestyle Cigarette smoking Medications which cause osteoporosis (e.g., glucocorticoids, phenytoin, excessive thyroid replacement, long-term heparin therapy) Medications which can contribute to the risk of falls (e.g., anticholinergics, antihypertensives with a high incidence of orthostatic hypotension, tricylic antide- pressants) |