Table 1:
Classification of Vascular Anomalies
  • Hemangiomas
    Infantile hemangioma, rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma, noninvoluting congenital hemangioma, intramuscular hemangioma, kaposiform hemangio­endothelioma
  • Vascular Malformations
    • High-Flow
      Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
      Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
    • Low-Flow
      Venous malformation (VM)
      Lymphatic malformation (LM)
      Lymphatic-Venous Malformation (LVM)
      Capillary malformation ("port-wine stain")
    • Overgrowth Syndromes
      • High-Flow
        Parkes-Weber syndrome (capillary arteriovenous malformation or capillary-lymphatic arteriovenous malformation with limb overgrowth)
      • Low-Flow
        Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (capillary-lymphatic venous malformation with limb overgrowth)
        Maffucci's syndrome (VM-like lesions with enchondromatosis)
        Proteus syndrome
        Sturge-Weber syndrome

Adapted from reference 1.
High- or low-flow grouping based solely on the flow dynamics within the lesion. If there is a rapid arteriovenous shunt, the lesion is considered high-flow; if not, it is considered a low-flow anomaly.

Copyright 2004 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

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